Comparison of Postprandial Lipemia between Women who are on Oral Contraceptive Methods and Those who are not / Comparação da Lipemia Pós-Prandial de Mulheres que Utilizam e Não Utilizam Contraceptivo Oral

Background: Postprandial Lipemia (PPL) is a physiological process that reflects the ability of the body to metabolize lipids. Even though the influence of oral contraceptives (OC) on PPL is not known, it is a known fact that their use increases fasting lipid values. Objective: To compare the PPL between women who are on OC and those who are not. Methods: A prospective analytical study which assessed eutrophic women, aged between 18 and 28 years old, who were irregularly active and with fasting triglycerides ≤150 mg/dL. They were divided into two groups: oral contraceptive group (COG) and non-oral contraceptive group (NCOG). Volunteers were submitted to the PPL test, in which blood samples were collected in time 0 (12-hour fasting) and after the intake of lipids in times 180 and 240 minutes. In order to compare the triglyceride deltas, which reflect PPL, the two-tailed Mann-Whitney test was used for independent samples between fasting collections and 180 minutes (Δ1) and between fasting and 240 minutes (Δ2). Results: Forty women were assessed and equally divided between groups. In the fasting lipid profile, it was observed that HDL did not present significant differences and that triglycerides in COG were twice as high in comparison to NCOG. Medians of Δ1 and Δ2 presented significant differences in both comparisons (p ≤0.05). Conclusion: The results point out that women who are irregularly active and use OC present more PPL in relation to those who do not use OC, which suggests that in this population, its chronic use increases the risk of heart conditions. .

Fundamento: Lipemia pós-prandial (LPP) é um processo fisiológico que reflete a capacidade do organismo de metabolizar lipídeos. Embora não seja conhecida a influência dos contraceptivos orais (CO) na LPP, sabe-se que o seu uso eleva os valores lipídicos de jejum. Objetivo: Comparar LPP entre mulheres que utilizam e não utilizam CO. Métodos: Estudo analítico prospectivo, no qual foram avaliadas mulheres eutróficas, com idade entre 18 e 28 anos, irregularmente ativas e com triglicerídeos de jejum ≤150 mg/dL divididas em dois grupos: grupo contraceptivo (GCO) e grupo sem contraceptivo (GSCO). As voluntárias foram submetidas ao teste de LPP, no qual amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas no tempo 0 (jejum de 12 h) e após ingestão de lipídios nos tempos 180 e 240 minutos. Para comparação dos deltas dos triglicerídeos, que refletem a LPP, entre as coletas de jejum e 180 min (Δ1) e jejum e 240 min (Δ2), foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney bidirecional para amostras independentes. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 40 mulheres divididas igualmente entre os grupos. No perfil lipídico de jejum, observou-se que a HDL não apresentou diferença significativa e que os triglicerídeos do GCO foram o dobro do GSCO. As medianas de Δ1 e Δ2 apresentaram diferença significativa nas duas comparações (p ≤0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados apontam que mulheres irregularmente ativas que utilizam CO apresentam LPP maior que aquelas que não utilizam CO, sugerindo que nessa população seu uso crônico aumenta o risco de doenças cardiovasculares. .

Eficácia de um programa de condicionamento físicointervalado sobre a tolerância à caminhada em umindivíduo com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica / Effectiveness of a physical conditioning program on walk tolerance in an individual with peripheral arterial obstructive disease

A doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP) afeta 20% dapopulação idosa atingindo mais homens do que mulheres. Dentre ossintomas a claudicação intermitente é a manifestação mais comum,resultando em limitação significante da caminhada. O objetivo desterelato de caso foi avaliar a eficácia de um programa de condicionamentoem esteira ergométrica sobre a tolerância à caminhada (TC)de um indivíduo com DAOP. Indivíduo WCF, sexo masculino,74 anos, apresentava obstrução total de artéria superficial da coxae 95% de obstrução arterial em poplítea e tibial anterior, todas emmembro inferior direito, identificadas por arteriografia. Foi submetidoa um Teste de Tolerância Máxima à Caminhada (TTMC) emesteira ergométrica a 2,0 km/h e posteriormente a um programa decondicionamento realizado três vezes por semana em sete séries de80% do TTMC, com um minuto de descanso, a 2,0 km/h durantequatro meses. Após esse período realizou-se novo TTMC. Foi observadoque a TC aumentou 663%, ocorrendo também diminuiçãodo número de paradas para descanso nos percursos habituais. Osresultados sugerem que o treinamento em esteira foi eficiente namelhora da TC nesse indivíduo...

Peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD) affects 20% of theelderly population and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.Most frequent symptom of PAOD is intermittent claudication,which depends on the discrepancy between supply and demand ofoxygen required by the muscles during walking. The purpose of thiscase study was to evaluate the efficacy of a conditioning programon a treadmill, on the walking tolerance (WT) of an individualwith PAOD. WCF, male, 74 years, presented total superficial femoralartery occlusion and 95% of popliteal arterial occlusion andanterior tibial artery, all in the right leg, identified by angiography.He underwent a test in the treadmill at 2.0 km/h to assess maximalwalking tolerance (MWTT) and then performed a conditioningprogram three times per week in seven sets of 80% of MWTT intreadmill, with one minute rest, 2.0 km/h for four months. Afterthis period MWTT was performed again. It was observed that WTincreased 663%, and the number of rest intervals stops decreasedduring the daily walks. The results suggest that treadmill trainingwas effective in improving WT in this individual...

Resting blood lactate in individuals with sickle cell disease

BACKGROUND: The most common hereditary hemoglobin disorder, affecting 20 million individuals worldwide, is sickle cell disease. The vascular obstruction resulting from the sickling of cells in this disease can produce local hypoxemia, pain crises and infarction in several tissues, including the bones, spleen, kidneys and lungs. METHODS: The present study is characterized as a case control study, with the aim of identifying the baseline blood lactate concentration in individuals with hemoglobin SS and SC diseases. One-way ANOVA with the Tukey post-test was used to analyze the results and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Calculations were made using the INSTAT statistical program. The graphs were generated using the ORING program. The study sample was composed of 31 men and women residing in the city of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. The individuals were divided into two groups: Group GC of 16 subjects who did not present with any type of structural hemoglobinopathy; and Group GE composed of 15 individuals with ages between 2 and 35 years old, who had the SS and SC genotypes. Sample analyses were performed with 3 mL of blood during fasting. RESULTS: The baseline blood lactate concentration of the SS and SC individuals was higher than that of the control group (p<0.001) with means of 4.86 ± 0.95; 3.30 ± 0.33; 1.31 ± 0.08 IU/L for SS, SC and controls, respectively. This corroborates the initial research hypothesis. CONCLUSION: The baseline blood lactate of SS and SC individuals is 3 to 4 times higher than that of healthy subjects, probably due to the fact that these patients have a metabolic deviation to the anaerobic pathway.